![]() ![]() ProCAT (Stenopaq, Flash, Stylus, Impression, and Xpression).Neutrino Group (Gemini, Revolution, & Infinity writers).Advantage Software (Passport and Passport Touch).Stenograph purchased both companies and discontinued their products. ![]() There were two other large manufacturers in the 1980s (Xscribe, with the StenoRAM line and BaronData with the Transcriptor line). The Stentura paper-based writers and the paperless élan writers preceded the current models. Their top models are the Luminex professional writer and the Wave student writer. Stenograph is by far the largest manufacturer of American stenotype keyboards with an estimated marketshare in excess of 90%. Plover software translates keypresses to Stenotype on any modern keyboard, with a preference given to ortholinear keyboards that have NKRO functionality. The Open Steno Project has written free open-source software, including Plover, and has developed cheap open-source hardware for stenography. Machines that are 10 to 15 years old still resell for upward of $350. ![]() As of October 2013, student models, such as a Wave writer, sell for about US$1,500 and top-end models sell for approximately US$5,000. These factors influence the price, along with economies of scale, as only a few thousand stenotype keyboards are sold each year. They typically store a full day's work in non-volatile memory of some type, such as an SD card. They translate stenotype to the target language internally using user-specific dictionaries, and most have small display screens. Most contain microprocessors, and many allow sensitivity adjustments for each individual key. Most modern stenotype keyboards have more in common with computers than they do with typewriters or QWERTY computer keyboards. Open source stenotype hardware created by the SOFT/HRUF project The direct ancestor of today's stenotype was created by Ward Stone Ireland in about 1913, and the word "stenotype" was applied to his machine and its descendants sometime thereafter. A French version was created by Marc Grandjean in 1909. Bartholomew invented the shorthand machine. In New York City on December 24, 1875, John Celivergos Zachos invented a stenotype and filed patent number 175892 for type writers and phenotypic notation application. The first machine was made in 1863 by the Italian Antonio Michela Zucco and was in actual use from 1880 in the Italian Senate. The first shorthand machine (the word "stenotype" was not used for another 80 years or more) punched a paper strip and was built in 1830 by Karl Drais, a German inventor. There are several schools of thought on how to record various sounds, such as the StenEd, Phoenix, and Magnum Steno theories. Because the keyboard does not contain all the letters of the English alphabet, letter combinations are substituted for the missing letters. This system makes realtime transcription practical for court reporting and live closed captioning. Multiple keys are pressed simultaneously (known as " chording" or "stroking") to spell out whole syllables, words, and phrases with a single hand motion. The stenotype keyboard has far fewer keys than a conventional alphanumeric keyboard. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |